Dying Declaration - 6938 Words

CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH SCHEME Introduction: A dying declaration is a statement made by a dying person as to the cause of his death or as to any circumstances of the transaction that resulted in his death. It is evidence under Section 32 (1) of Indian Evidence Act,1872. This section is an exception to the general rule that hearsay evidence is no evidence In this paper, the researcher will explore these facets namely – the scope and application of section 32 (1), the method of giving and recording a dying declaration and its evidenciary value by examining its interpretation by courts. Material examined: The researcher has used the bare act of the Indian Evidence Act of 1872, and thereby used the various commentaries by eminent jurists and legal†¦show more content†¦1.1 Section 32 (1) of Indian Evidence Act. Sub-section (1) of Section 32 of the Evidence Act, any statement, written or verbal, of relevant facts made by a person who is dead, or who cannot be found, or who has become incapable of giving evidence, or whose attendance cannot be procured without an amount of delay or expense which, under the circumstances of the case, appears to the Court unreasonable, would constitute relevant facts. If as a result thereof, the Court is satisfied that the statement made by a person who is now dead is relevant, the same becomes admissible in terms of sub-section (1) of 32 section of the Evidence Act. The second Para of the sub section makes it abundantly clear that the statement is admissible in civil as well as criminal proceedings and it is not necessary that the Person making the statement should be apprehending death at the time of making the statement. Thus, it is apt to say that admissibility of Dying declaration is explained in the section 32 (1) of Indian Evidence Act. The Hon’ble Apex Court in P.Mani vs. State of T.N. reported in has held as follows: â€Å"Indisputably conviction can be recorded on the basis of the dying declaration alone but therefore the same must be wholly reliable. In a case where suspicion can be raised as regards the correctness of the dying declaration, theShow MoreRelatedDying Declaration Under Section 32 of Ipc15499 Words   |  62 PagesDYING DECLARATION â€Å"Truth sits on the lips of a person who is about to die† Introduction A Dying Declaration means the statement of a person who has died explaining the circumstances of his death. It can be said to be a statement made by a mortally injured person, indicating who has injured them and/or the circumstances surrounding their injury. The injured is aware that he/she is about to die and while the declaration is hearsay, it is admissible since it is believed that the dying person does notRead MoreA Country Worth Dying For714 Words   |  3 PagesThe Declaration of Independence begins with the words, â€Å"When in the course of human events it becomes necessary†. Thomas Heyward Jr. was but one of fifty-six signers of the Declaration of Independence who of necessity stepped forward to articulate and defend the principles of freedom and divinely endowed â€Å"unalienable Rights.† Feeling that these rights had been breached upon, the thirteen colonies listed a total of twenty-seven grievances with King George III and England in the Declaration of Ind ependenceRead More American Independence Essay678 Words   |  3 Pagesand ?slavery? were part of the cultural norm. These words were common place and often used to describe the British control over the colonies. 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Essay on Criminology - Advanced Surveillance - 3236 Words

How effective are CCTV cameras as a proven crime control and prevention measure? Describe the crime control literature which attempts to assess their efficacy and evaluate the impact such studies have had on overall proliferation of these systems. Illustrate your answer by reference to both official reports and academic and NGO studies supporting or contradicting such claims. This essay will aim to critically discuss CCTV cameras as a proven method of crime control and prevention tool. In order to analyse academic, official and Non Government Organisation (NGO) studies, it is important to consider the rise of CCTV. CCTV is the one of the fastest growing forms of surveillance and crime control in the UK. CCTV was gradually diffused†¦show more content†¦(Privacy International; 1992) The government believes that CCTV deters opportunistic crime such as , vehicle crime, burglaries and robbery. Research assessing the effectiveness of CCTV; confirms that it is effective in reducing property crime such as burglary and robbery. The ‘rational choice theory’ can be used to explain this belief. This theory suggests that, delinquent individuals seek to maximise their profits and reduce their losses. This is dependent on the information that is available to them at the time of committing the offence. (Cornish and Clark 1985) CCTV then, reduces the opportunistic gain and increases the risk of being caught. (Armitage 2002; 3) However Jason Dutton, Director of the Scottish centre of Criminology stated that glowing reductions in criminogenic behaviour since implementation of CCTV systems, is a fantasy (Privacy International; 1992) Dutton’s statement could be rationalised when reflecting upon crimes such as public disorder. Reflecting back to the rational choice theory: Crimes that have involved alcohol consumption appear to reduce the perpetrators ‘rationality’, and thus the risk of being caught in CCTV is reduced. (Armitage 2002; 3) CCTV cameras are creating high levels of conviction. According to privacy International, nearly everyone who recorded by CCTV committing a crime pleaded guilty. For example, In Newcastle, the installation of 16 camera system resulted in a 100% increase of guilty pleas. Privacy International also foundShow MoreRelatedPolice and Law Enforcement Essay example604 Words   |  3 Pagesweapons of crime commission, yet is provides police agencies and criminal justice personnel with powerful tools useful in the battle against crime,† (Criminology Today, Frank Schmalleger, pp. 385). Criminology will always be linked to technology, even if that technology is seen as primitive or groundbreaking. Earlier forms of technology used within criminology include the telegraph, telephone, automobile, and radios. * * Technology used today is much more vast and sophisticated then those limitedRead MoreDigitally Tracking and Monitoring People875 Words   |  3 Pagesfather did. Technology today is so advanced that everything we do is collected by computers and processed. Today stores have infrared cameras to watch your eyes and what you look at in the store, machines pour coffee when they sense you yawning, and laser-based scanners that can tell what you ate for breakfast are being developed. These sorts of technologies are developed by companies mostly to make better business decisions and by governments for surveillance, and are being implemented all everywhereRead MoreIp Cctv Network: Strengths and Weaknesses2712 Words   |  11 PagesScott Reinhardt John Jay College of Criminal Justice IP CCTV Strengths and Weaknesses Closed circuit television cameras have become a tool used in several countries to fight crime and to ensure the safety of the public through surveillance in public places. The use of CCTV cameras is on the rise, and there is little proof of areas where their use has been cut back. IP CCTV technology has been in existence for a long time. It uses a camera that is connected to a network. It worksRead MoreLaw Enforcement Should Be Equipped With Body Worn Cameras1749 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality of minorities has brought us as a nation to discuss whether law enforcement should be equipped with body-worn cameras. As we are aware technology today has advanced exponentially - far beyond our imaginations cellphones and other electronics devices are equipped with the most awesome digital features. These devices provide citizens the capability to record anything they desire capturing the good bad and ugly including police misconduct. Last year alone, 120 million smart phone sRead MoreCriminology : Criminology s The Future1959 Words   |  8 Pages Criminology in The Future By Adrian Gallardo CJS 231 Professor Christopher Bough January 18, 2016 Criminology in the Future Introduction Crime in the early ages was fought by very little resources because the technology was not as advance as it is now. In the early years police officer did not even have vehicles they had foot patrol then they moved on to motorcycles then to vehicles known as radio vehicles. Our criminal justice system is not stopping here theyRead More Public Surveillance in the USA Essay2242 Words   |  9 Pages1. Introduction All the developed countries (developing countries are also in no way lagging behind) the incidence of the people being monitored under various surveillance systems is high of which closed circuit television system (CCTV) is gaining dominance. For instance, the UK has over 4.2 million of them, giving it a ratio of one for every 14 persons and the USA is reported to have been installing it on a rapid pace in every conceivable location as town centers, schools, public transportationRead MoreTechniques Used For Preventing Routine Activity Theory Essay3936 Words   |  16 Pagesresidential burglary is to understand why it happens, and to whom does it happen to. One theory that can successfully explain how to prevent residential burglary is the routine activity theory. Routine activity theory is known as environmental criminology, in which the behavioral patterns and intersections of people in time and space influence where and when crimes would occur. Routine activity theory states that a crime occurs when the following three elements come together in any given space andRead MoreSchools of Criminology5403 Words   |  22 Pagescrime and with it, the study of criminology. The study of criminology is an accumulation of centuries of beliefs, ideas, norms and laws of various societies. Because crime is a part of every human society, the study of criminology is also imperative to all societies. In this project report, I will discuss the various schools of thoughts of criminology starting from the early seventeenth century to the modern day schools of criminological thought. Schools of criminology It has been generally acceptedRead MoreThe Wide Web : The Deep Dark Web1779 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"[e]ncryption is one of the things that makes the public safe† (Valenzuela, 2016, para. 2) The desire for encryption for online privacy is not a recent phenomenon, and it can be traced to the earliest days of what we now know as online communications. The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), the predecessor to the Internet, was increasing in size and usage, spreading across the Atlantic to Norway and Britain (CQ Researcher, 2016). With this expansion came an increasing need to ensure thatRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System3724 Words   |  15 Pagesprofile. Deterring any person that may be willing to commit a particular crime is more effective in this circumstance. This form of deterrence is the most common type of deterrence we see day in and day out. Security tags at a retail store, camera surveillance, warning signs, no trespassing, electric fences are all form of general deterrence. Sentencing guidelines also work to ensure that consistently offender s are given criminal sentences that are in line to the crime committed (Carlsmith, 2002)

Challenges and Rewards of Learning a Secondary Language free essay sample

Challenges and Axia College of University of Phoenix People learn languages in different ways, and it is important to consider various learning options to increase an individual’s potential for success. Learning a secondary language can improve quality of life Learning a new language has many benefits; career advancement, bridging communication gaps, and strengthening life skills. â€Å"What theory implies, quite simply, is that language acquisition, first or second, occurs when comprehension of real messages occurs, and when the acquire is not ‘on the defensive’† wrote Steven D. writing a service plan Krashner (1981) Many employers look for bilingual employees to enhance their business marketing and sales outreach. As the world shrinks due to the increase of electronic capabilities, employers look for employees who can help them bridge the communication gap. The United States itself is a melting pot of different languages and cultures. These employers are in different sectors of opportunities, they can be in the retail sector, transportation, tourism, administration, secretarial services, public relations, marketing sales, banking and accounting, translations, or law, and teaching. Each has its own unique set of business and customer needs revolving around authentic language communication. Optional ways to learn a foreign language Current language learning programs include immersion, computer programs, and formal classes. Each type of learning offers students strengths based on investment of time, money, and resources. By assessing and understanding one’s preferred learning style it is possible to affect the learning outcome positively and increase the investment return. We must have open minds to learn the way that is best for each individual. One of the ways to learn a new language is through immersion into the cultural of the language of choice. The teachers use a vast repertoire of teaching strategies to help the participants to learn the new language. The participant spends most of their day speaking the secondary language and not speaking in their native tongue for a time. This allows them to learn the language more rapidly because they have to learn it or not speak. This way of learning can be done more rapidly, but can be quite expensive because normally the learner will need to travel to the secondary country or special school for the education. Another way to learn a secondary language is by taking classes. Classes can be found at many colleges, online programs or â€Å"free universities†. These classes can be beneficial because a learner will get instant feedback about the inflection of the language and will be able to converse with others in the class while learning. Classes are also beneficial as they allow the student to ask questions of the instructor to make sure the inflection or dialect is correct. Teachers are normally fluent in the language and many come from the region of the language or have spent much time there learning about the language. These classes will normally start with the basics of the language and build the language in stages. Computer programs, DVDs, or CDs are another way to learn a foreign language is. Many programs are available so it is necessary to research different programs to find the right one. Many people enjoy this way of learning because it is very convenient. A person can play a CD in their car, or download to a mobile device to learn wherever and whenever they want. Matching learning strengths and strategies with available options While many people will learn languages easily, that cannot be said for everyone. Some people experience difficulties with learning a language because they go into learning a language on the defensive. They go into learning thinking they will not be able to learn, or will not speak it correctly. Some people will practice the language but forget what they learned quickly, or do not retain the information. Many of these difficulties come from the lack of exposure. If a person cannot practice what they learn, they cannot retain the information they have learned, or may not get the pronunciation correct. Many people also fear the use of the new language. Some languages can be harder to learn in general. According to Wisegeek. com (n. d. ) the British Foreign Office recently conducted a survey on what is the hardest language to learn, and said it is Basque, followed closely by Hungarian because of its use of 35 cases or noun forms. The punctuation system of the German and Russian language makes them also difficult to learn. Learning another language also allows a person to enjoy communication advantages. They can read books of different writers, gain a deeper knowledge of different ideas, and do not suffer difficulties with languages when traveling. They can fit in and see more of what they want to see by being able to ask exactly what they are looking for. Being bilingual also has cognitive benefits; a person whom is bilingual can use the flexibility of two or more words meaning the same thing to describe the same thing. They are better able to listen for the perfect word in any situation. The listening skills of a bilingual will allow them to speak to any one in their native tongue to describe certain instances. This in turn, increases bilingual’s self-esteem. According to Buzzle. com (n. d. ) bilinguals also do better academically. They tend to have higher exam and test scores, and can learn three or four languages with ease. References Coffey, S. , Street, B. (2008). Narrative and identity in the â€Å"language learning project†. Modern Language Journal, Fall2008(92), p452-464. Ehrman, M. E. (1996). Understanding second language learning difficulties. Retrieved October  6, 2009, from http://eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini. js Krashen, S. D. (1981). Second language acquisition second language learning. University of Southern California . Retrieved October  10, 2009, from http://www. sdkrashen. com/SL_Acquisition_and_Learning/index. html Noels, K. A. (2003). Why are you learning a second language? Motivational orientations and self-determination theory. Retrieved October  6, 2009, from http://search. ebscohost. com Wilson, R. (2000). How to find internet resources for learning any particular language. Retrieved October  10, 2009, from http://www. languageimpact. com/articles/rw/intrscrse. htm   (n. d. ). Wisegeek. com. Retrieved October  8, 2009, from http://www. wisegeek. com/which-are-the-most-difficult-languages-to-learn. htm

Music study midterm Essay Example For Students

Music study midterm Essay Syncopation involves placing emphasis on normally UN-emphasized beats or using a rest on a normally emphasized beat. In other words, syncopation involves disrupting or interrupting the expected or normal rhythm of music. Many different types of music, including aka, reggae, rap, Jazz, and some forms of metal, use syncopation regularly in the music. Tempo is the speed of a given piece of music. If you think about it, tempo plays an important role in determining the mood of a piece of music, along with elements like pitch. A metronome, or a device that produces regular ticks or beats according to the beats per minute, is one way that musicians and composers can help maintain a consistent pace in the music. General tempo for a piece of music: Largo: very slow Adagio: slow Moderator: moderate tempo Allegro: fast Presto: very fast The notes that are used to indicate tempo include: Dynamics in music refers to the loudness or softness of a note, as well as the quality of the note as played. Some of the dynamics in music happen naturally. Imagine trying to play those notes for exactly the same length, in exactly the same quality, at exactly the same loudness or softness. Some of these notations include: Fortissimo (of: played very loudly Forte (f): played loudly Mezzo forte (MFC): played moderately loud Mezzo piano (pm): played moderately soft Piano (p): played softly Pianissimo (up): played very softly USIA study midterm By Gilbert 51 Fernando (usually written as soprano) is a sudden change in the level of sound. Timbre (which is pronounced tam-beer) is the tone quality of a sound, and it is what helps to distinguish one musical instrument from another. It is also sometimes referred to as color or tone quality. We can separate some of the timber differences of humans into four different categories: Soprano: a high female voice Alto: a low female voice Tenor: a high male voice Bass: a low male voice At the most basic level, melody is a series of musical notes that have been strung gather. It is composed of both pitch and rhythm and it represents the notes in a piece of music that catch our ears. Melodic phrases are groups or sets of notes that make sense together, express a musical idea, and, when combined, create the melody. Harmony is having more than one pitch within the music at the same time. We often think of harmony as a complement to melody. Generally, form is referred to as the framework that a composer uses to create a piece of music. It is the combination of the other musical elements, including pitch, tempo, and dynamics. This may include both the music itself as well as the lyrics that are to be sung with the piece of music in this spot. For example, the 12-bar blues is a chord progression that is common in many popular forms of music. Essentially, this form of music indicates when a chord change will happen in the music. It may look something like this: C C C FCC GAFF One common form is the common meter, which consists of four lines of a particular number of beats that end in the rhyming pattern of a-b-a-b. This has been a common form for both ballads and hymns for quite some time. A concerto is a musical piece n which one solo instrument (such as a piano or violin) is accompanied by an orchestra. Typically a concerto is structured into three different parts or movements. A sonata is a musical composition for a solo instrument (often piano or other keyboard instrument). In some cases, a composition may be called a sonata if it was designated as such by the composer rather than having the piece meet other criteria for a sonata. Symphony is a musical piece that has been scored for a full orchestra; it is often an extended composition. Many symphonies have four parts or movements, with the first movement in sonata form.

Hamlet Tagic Hero or Insane Madman Essays - Characters In Hamlet

Hamlet: Tagic Hero or Insane Madman Professor Owens English 2410 11 April 2014 Hamlet: Tragic Hero or Insane Madman William Shakespeares Hamlet is a complicated and intriguing play. Hamlet has returned home to Denmark to mourn the death of his father, who he deeply admired. Upon his arrival he finds his people in celebration and revelry, because his uncle, who had assumed his fathers throne, had also married Hamlets mother. Frailty, thy name is woman!/ A little month, ere those shoes were old/ With which she followed my poor fathers body,/ Like Niobe, all tears:--why she, even she,,/ O God!......She married. O, most wicked speed, to post/ With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!/ It is not, nor it cannot come to good:/ But break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue (1.2.146-159)! Hamlet seemed to be acting accordingly with the situation. While everyone else celebrated, he gave way to mourning his late father. After the party has ended, Horatio, a friend of Hamlets takes me to see a ghost. Others have seen this apparition, some guards and Horatio himself have laid eyes upon it. The guards and Horatio take Hamlet to the platform where the ghost, was last sited. The ghost, who was a vision of his father, appeared to Hamlet and told him of his murder at the hands of his brother, Claudius. He asks Hamlet to spare the queen and leave her to heaven (1.5.86). He told Hamlet to kill Claudius and avenge his murder. This sets the stage for the Hamlets descent into madness, or did he really go mad? Hamlet had been away for some time at college where he was training in philosophy and other studies which would allow him to assume his fathers throne. He was training to be a statesman not a murderer. Hamlet is a very intelligent and reasonable person. He is torn as to what to do in this situation and given his background and his training, he sets about trying to prove Claudius is guilty, to assuage his c onscience. Two school buddies come to visit Hamlet at the king and queens request. They are long- time friends of Hamlet and have come to take him away before he causes any more trouble. Hamlet is astute to their ramblings as to why they are there. They question Hamlet as to his madness, to which Hamlet replies I am mad north-north-west: when the wind is southerly/ I know a hawk from a handsaw (2.2.145-146). After hearing of a troupe of players coming into town, Hamlet enlists the group to perform a play in which an old king is murdered at the hands of his brother. Ill have the players/ play something like the murder of my father/ before mine uncle: Ill observe his looks:The spirit that I have seen/ May be the devil; Hamlet is extra careful not judge Claudius too soon, so he enlists Horatio to observe Claudius from a different vantage point to assess the kings guilt. After the play is done and Horatio verifies the reaction that the king went according to plan, Hamlet goes in search of Claudius to take is his revenge. He finds Claudius in prayer. The only thing that was holding Hamlet back was the Claudius might go to heaven if he killed him while in prayer. Hamlet wants Claudius soul to suffer the consequences of his actions (3.3.74-97). One may ask why didnt Hamlet take that opportune moment to avenge his father and kill his murderer. He could have claimed insanity in his grief. Hamlet left Claudius there and went to find his mother and confront her. Needless to say, he was sick with grief and anger and needed her to hear him out. When he got to her room, she was afraid of him and called out for help. Hamlet saw the form behind the curtain, and assumed it was Claudius and proceeded to stab him. Hamlet showed no remorse because he felt that he was justified in killing the kings rat. The king then ordered Guildenstern and Rosencrantz to take Hamlet away to England where he had asked the King of England to behead him. Hamlet got wind of the news and his late fathers seal to

Relics of the Early Greek and Roman Cultures essays

Relics of the Early Greek and Roman Cultures essays Relics of the Greek and Early Roman Cultures I visited the Metropolitan Museum of Art on Saturday, November 30, 2002. When I entered the galleries, used a floor map to locate the rooms of the Belfer Court. This map showed me that all of the galleries I needed to complete the project were adjacent to each other, so I did not need to look at the map any longer. It was simple to figure out what time period the artifacts were from, since the information cards indicated it. The sculptures were also easy to find since they were noticeable due to their large sizes. The museum made the project a great learning experience. The rooms of the Belfer Court featured Greek and Roman art from the earliest times to the seventh and sixth centuries B.C. Pottery had always been a great indicator of the values and traditions of the Greek civilizations. I located an example of pottery known as the Terracotta column-krater (41.162.79). It was from the Early Corinthian period in ca. 625 600 B.C. This was a bowl used for mixing wine and water. It was about one and a half feet in height and about two feet in diameter. This bowl was most likely used at parties and festivals. It was very popular at that time to paint vases, and this vase had paintings of padded dancers. These were dancers that wore special outfits that draw attention to the belly and the buttocks. The picture on the vase showed them dancing while circling around a wine-krater. It was probably made of clay or some other kind of material used for making pottery at those times. This item indicates that the people of those times enjoyed festiva ls and parties, and had a good idea of recreational activities. The early Greek civilizations were known for being warrior cultures. The galleries in the rooms of the Belfer Court also featured many armaments and some weapons used in battle. I picked two similarly structured bronze helmets (1989.281.49,. 50). They were made i...

Strategy Briefing Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Strategy Briefing Paper - Essay Example According to Nishino (1996), there is rapid expansion in the automobile industry around the world because of the growth in the demand of passenger vehicles and the overall increase in the demand for cheaper automobile components. Governments continue to make efforts in encouraging the growth of the industry in their countries. The demand for high quality vehicles is increasing because of the growth of the population of the middle class population in many countries making the purchase of a vehicle to become a sign of financial accomplishment (Goldberg 1995). As pointed by Berry, Levinsohn & Pakes (1995) the increase in the demand for automobile components has built pressure on automotive producing companies to look for alternatives of reducing the cost of production and embrace more economic methods of production. Through the process of globalisation of the world economy, governments and trade organisations continue to encourage lowering of tariffs and reduction in trade restrictions. This continues to make the industry more competitive as each international car manufacturing company has equal access to the market. Each company is therefore expanding its production to enhance their presence in the world (Orsato & Wells 2007). The focus is mostly on the supply of vehicles that meet the expectation of consumers and at the lowest costs. Apart from cost, the major focus is also on air pollution, energy efficiency and brand meaning (Kolk & Pinkse 2004). The company should come up with models that are more efficient in terms of fuel consumption and low emission of carbon dioxide to match the current demands of customers and enhance the reputation of its brands all over the world. The company has successfully been applying the culture of acquiring other players in the industry as a means of growing and expanding its operations. To enhance the rate of growth, the

Topic is to be a catastrophic event of some kind Research Paper

Topic is to be a catastrophic event of some kind - Research Paper Example It is known to be the most devastating hurricane to strike in the history of the United States. It completely destroyed vast regions including New Orleans and Mississippi. It has been estimated that more than 1,700 people were killed and some thousands were found to be misplaced. Going by the records, Hurricane Katrina is regarded as the costliest storm because the damages caused by it were worth billions of dollars. The devastation brought about by Hurricane Katrina had maximum effect on the poor population. The storm exposed the abject poverty, political inefficiency and longstanding corruption in the southern states of USA. (Laforet, 2010) Factors that influenced Hurricane Katrina Scientists have proved that formation of tropical hurricanes like Hurricane Katrina is facilitated by the warming of waters of the oceans. Anthropogenic activities are responsible for global warming by way of massive emissions of dioxide of carbon, methane and other gases into the atmosphere. The scienti sts have estimated that huge loss of wetlands in the southeast of USA which is important for maintaining ecological balance is one factor that influenced the devastation caused the Hurricane Katrina. This loss of wetlands in New Orleans city was partly caused by man’s actions. When one of the dikes surrounding the city broke the city was left to remain submerged in the waters. No step was taken to clear the water. Three years prior to the Hurricane Katrina, the government designed a plan for reducing the destructive effect that can be caused by future floods and storms. The plan was to strengthen the levees surrounding the New Orleans city and execution of the plan needed an amount of $14 billion. Although storms of massive strength were already predicted, the Bush administration approved a much lower budget of $2 billion for the plan. Their excuse was that funds were needed for the security of their country and for the war in Iraq. Now that the government has demonstrated it s indifference towards the woes of the people and its inability to make proper Risk Management Plans, Bush has tried to justify himself by explaining that it was not possible to anticipate the rupture of the levees which guarded the New Orleans city. (Valenzuela, 2005) Preventive Measures that could be taken Voices have been raised to declare that nothing could have been done to prevent the massive destruction caused by Hurricane Katrina. Such declarations cannot be considered as true and rather they are completely wrong. Although all damages could not have been averted, concrete and planned measures could be taken to minimise the effect of the storm. The areas that were destroyed by the hurricane lie along a path that has already suffered by destructive hurricanes many times in the past. In spite of that nothing was done to prevent the devastating event like Hurricane Katrina. New Orleans is one of the most vulnerable areas. It is surrounded by water on three sides and it lies belo w sea level. For many years there has been warning from engineers and scientists that if a major hurricane occurs, it would have devastating effect on New Orleans city which is guarded only by a network of levees and pumps. After the destruction caused by Hurricane Betsy in 1965, the levee system structure was altered to survive the force of category three hurricane, but Hurricane Katrina was of category four which is much stronger in force. It was predicted by the scientists that a hurricane

Can be on anything to do with microbiology (you can chose the topic) Article

Can be on anything to do with microbiology (you can chose the topic) - Article Example The gold standard for diagnosing typhoid fever is isolation of organism through blood culture. But lack of expertise and equipment for this test makes it unusable in a peripheral setting. Widal test is also useful, but is of no value in endemic areas. Currently, this test is regarded as non-specific and inaccurate. Because of these limitations of the popular tests, several assays and serological tests have been developed but have not been found to be optimal. Thus, the need of the hour with regard to typhoid testing is a test that is not only simple, but also reliable and carried out in small laboratories in the peripheries. Two such tests which merit importance are typhidot M and Diazo tests. In this study, Beige et al prospectively evaluated typhidot M and Diazo tests vis-a-vis blood culture and Widal test in children. In this prospective study, children aged 6 months to 12 years with fever of more than four days duration and with clinical suspicion of fever were enrolled. Those wi th other suspected diagnosis were used as controls.

The Great Gatsby Essay

The Great Gatsby Essay Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby as a satire that comments on American ideals in the 1920s. He shows the carelessness of everyone during the time by portraying them in the community of East and West Egg. Fitzgerald conveys two different themes throughout the story. One is the American Dream is corrupted by the desire for wealth and the other is the Attainment of a dream may be less satisfying than the pursuit of it. He uses those themes to show how The Great Gatsby is a satire of American Ideals. The American dream is life should be better and richer and fuller for one. This dream is corrupted between the relationship of Gatsby and daisy. Daisy is the symbol of all that Gatsby strives for; her voice is full of money, as Gatsby describes it. Her voice was full of money-that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals song in it (Fitzgerald 120). She can be interpreted as a twentieth-century flapper because she ensnares men with her husky, mysterious voice. Gatsby became so enamored by her voice that he based all of his actions on winning Daisy over. Her voice contains the promise of vast riches. However, Gatsby is too late to realize that money is the only thing her voice promises. There is no compassion in Daisy, just as there is none in cold, hard cash. Daisys dream is corrupted by wealth because she is caught up with Toms wealth and Gatsbys wealth. Daisy and Toms marriage is further proof of the collapse of the American dream. Although they belong to the West Egg social group and have extreme wealth, they are unhappy. Tom is first described as one of those men who reach such an acute limited excellence at twenty-one that everything afterwards savours of anti-climax (Fitzgerald 6). Tom and Daisy are both in unsatisfied with life and are searching for something better. They have traveled to France and drifted here and there unrest fully wherever people were rich and played polo together (Fitzgerald 6). They are unhappy and bored with life. Tom seems to be searching for the excitement that he found in playing football in college, and he finds an outlet for his dissatisfaction by cheating on his wife with Myrtle. Once again, Gatsby does not see that attaining wealth and power does not equal happiness. The Buchanans marriage is full of lies and infidelities, yet they are united through their corruption. After Tom has discovered Daisys infidelity and Myrtle has been killed, their callous selfishness is revealed when they are reunited over fried chicken and two bottles of ale (Fitzgerald 145). They instinctively seek out each other because each recognizes the others strength in the corrupt spiritual element they inhabit. After Myrtle and Gatsby are both killed, neither one of the Buchanans sends their regards or seem remorseful. In fact, they go on a short vacation, which is an indication of the lack of compassion they have toward others. There was no love for anyone. All people cared about was wealth and parties. Nick perceives Tom and Daisy as they really are, heartless and careless. They smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made (Fitzgerald 179). Tom and Daisys actions are an indication of the detrimental and emotionally numbing effects that wealth can have on someone. They focus too much on appearance and things of monetary value, while ignoring peoples feelings and lives. Jordan Bakers plans are also negatively impacted by the corruptive qualities of wealth. Although Nick is attracted to Jordans bored, jaunty, careless air at first, he finally understands that it conveys her profound disregard for other peoples feelings. Jordan supports Daisy having an affair, because Daisy ought to have something in her life (Fitzgerald 79). She sees Gatsby as something, not someone. Jordan also has a reputation for being dishonest and for being a gossip. She was involved in a golf tournament scandal in which she was accused of moving her golf ball to her advantage. Jordan belongs to the East Egg social group because of her careless, dishonest ways. She serves as a hint as to the true nature of the people from East Egg. Jordan may also be an indication of the types of people that Gatsby entertains, since she attends his parties. She is similar to many of his partygoers in that she exploits his hospitality yet never shows any genuine kindness toward him. It is very te lling that Gatsbys house is full of people throughout the entire summer, yet when Gatsby dies, no one attends his funeral except Nick and Gatsbys father. The shallow acquaintances of Gatsby were never his true friends-the only used him for his lavish generosity. The countless people who attend his parties, ride on his hydroplane and in his car, and drink his alcohol are nowhere to be seen when the time comes to pay their respects for him. The theme of the pursuit of a dream is more satisfying than attaining the dream itself repeats itself throughout the book. Gatsbys dream was to get Daisy. We see this repetition of a green light though out the story. Every time Gatsby looked at Daisys house Fitzgerald mentioned the green light. Fitzgerald compares Gatsbys green light to the green breast of the new world (Fitzgerald 180), comparing Gatsbys dream of rediscovering Daisy to the explorers discovery of America and the promise of a new continent. However, Gatsbys dream is tarnished by his material possessions, much like America is now with our obsession with wealth. Gatsby wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to tom and say: I never loved you (Fitzgerald 109). Gatsby tried and tried to get Daisy to think she never loved Tom but the truth was that she did love him. The pursuit of the dream was more satisfying for Gatsby than actually attaining it. He threw parties just to hope she would come and he would be a ble to see him. He became rich so he could impress her with nice things. If Gatsby truly got Daisys heart they would end up doing the same thing as Tom and she normally do. In the end they will have the same dinner fried chickenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and two bottles of ale (Fitzgerald 145) and it would get old and then they would end up having an affair with other people around town like nothing ever changed. On the surface, Fitzgeralds novel may appear to be just a shallow novel about the jazz, parties, and glitz that he experienced in the early twentieth century. After closer examination, however, it is apparent that The Great Gatsby is a profound social commentary on the corrupt and disillusioning effects that materialism can have on members of society. We also learn that in the end attaining your dream is not as fun as trying to get it. Fitzgerald did write a satire that showed the ideals of the 1820s.

Violence, Sensationalism, and the Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Free Essay Writer

Violence, Sensationalism, and the Supernatural in Macbeth  Ã‚   Shakespeare had a thorough idea of what his audience wanted. In Macbeth he used violence, sensationalism, and elements of the supernatural to appeal to his audience. Shakespeare knew his audience when he used violence in Macbeth to heighten the effect of the play. One example of the violence is this scene. Lady Macbeth "That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold; What hath quenched them hath given me fire. Hark! Peace! It was the owl that shrieked, the fatal bellman, which gives the stern’st good-night. He is about it. The doors are open, and the surfeited grooms do mock their charge with snores. I have drugged their possets, that death and nature do contend about them, whether they live or die." Macbeth "Who’s there? What, ho?" Lady Macbeth "Alack, I am afraid they have awaked and ’tis not done! Th’ attempt and not the deed confounds us. Hark! I laid their daggers ready; he could not miss ’em. Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t." Macbeth "I have done the deed. Didst thou not hear a noise?" Lady Macbeth "I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. Did not you speak?" Macbeth "When?" Lady Macbeth "Now." Macbeth "As I descended?" Lady Macbeth "Ay." Macbeth "Hark! Who lies i’ th’ second chamber?" Lady Macbeth "Donalbain." Macbeth "This is a sorry sight." Lady Macbeth "A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight." Macbeth "There’s one did laugh in sleep, and one cried "Murder!" That they did wake each other. I stood and heard them. But they did say their prayers, and addressed them again to sleep." Here is another example of the violence. Messenger "Bless you, fair dame! I am not to you known though in your state of honor I am not to you known, though in your state of honor I am perfect. I doubt some danger does approach you nearly: if you will take a homely man’s advice, be found here; hence, with your little ones. To fright you thus, methinks I am too savage; to do worse to you were fell cruelty which is too nigh your person. Heaven preserve you! I dare abide no longer." Lady Macduff "Whither should I fly? I have done no harm. But I remember now I am in this earthly world, where to do harm is often laudable, to do good sometime accounted dangerous folly. Violence, Sensationalism, and the Supernatural in Shakespeare's Macbeth :: Free Essay Writer Violence, Sensationalism, and the Supernatural in Macbeth  Ã‚   Shakespeare had a thorough idea of what his audience wanted. In Macbeth he used violence, sensationalism, and elements of the supernatural to appeal to his audience. Shakespeare knew his audience when he used violence in Macbeth to heighten the effect of the play. One example of the violence is this scene. Lady Macbeth "That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold; What hath quenched them hath given me fire. Hark! Peace! It was the owl that shrieked, the fatal bellman, which gives the stern’st good-night. He is about it. The doors are open, and the surfeited grooms do mock their charge with snores. I have drugged their possets, that death and nature do contend about them, whether they live or die." Macbeth "Who’s there? What, ho?" Lady Macbeth "Alack, I am afraid they have awaked and ’tis not done! Th’ attempt and not the deed confounds us. Hark! I laid their daggers ready; he could not miss ’em. Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t." Macbeth "I have done the deed. Didst thou not hear a noise?" Lady Macbeth "I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. Did not you speak?" Macbeth "When?" Lady Macbeth "Now." Macbeth "As I descended?" Lady Macbeth "Ay." Macbeth "Hark! Who lies i’ th’ second chamber?" Lady Macbeth "Donalbain." Macbeth "This is a sorry sight." Lady Macbeth "A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight." Macbeth "There’s one did laugh in sleep, and one cried "Murder!" That they did wake each other. I stood and heard them. But they did say their prayers, and addressed them again to sleep." Here is another example of the violence. Messenger "Bless you, fair dame! I am not to you known though in your state of honor I am not to you known, though in your state of honor I am perfect. I doubt some danger does approach you nearly: if you will take a homely man’s advice, be found here; hence, with your little ones. To fright you thus, methinks I am too savage; to do worse to you were fell cruelty which is too nigh your person. Heaven preserve you! I dare abide no longer." Lady Macduff "Whither should I fly? I have done no harm. But I remember now I am in this earthly world, where to do harm is often laudable, to do good sometime accounted dangerous folly.

A Change of heart About Animals Essay

Although much of modern day technology is focused on materialistic things rather than the issues, such as animal rights, which are more important. â€Å"A Change of heart About Animals†, by Jeremy Rifkin, is an article where he argues how animals have feelings and should have their own rights. He describes how animals have the ability to learn. What he doesn’t do is describe animals as a lower class, but as â€Å"Our fellow creatures† so he states in his article. In Rifkin’s article he uses language such as ethos, pathos, and logos while using a persuasive tone. Ethos is expressed when Rifkin credits the scientists at Oxford University with the testing of two crows and their ability to snag a piece of meat from inside a tube. Pathos is also expressed towards the end of the article when he emotionally calls animals â€Å"our fellow humans†. Last but not least logos is expressed when he states how the European Union outlawed the use of isolating pigs in stalls. Some have argued that by simple jester’s animals can live happier lives. For example, in Germany pig farmers are encouraged to give pigs twenty seconds of human contact each day. Some of the sponsors that provide this research are fast food purveyors, such as McDonalds, Burger King, and KFC. Their contribution has eased the pressure off of animal rights activists. Even though steps have been taken towards research development, there is still more to be learned. Because of such inhumane behavior shown by some farmers, some universities have introduced law courses on animal rights. Some of these Universities have filed law suits for animal rights. As a result of this Germany became the first nation to guarantee animal rights in its constitution. It just goes to show that there are still some good people out there. It’s obvious that more action needs to be taken towards achieving our goal at animal rights. With the help of animal activists and some major universities, we can achieve animal rights. It isn’t fare to them. That’s why it’s up to us to give our fellow creatures the rights and protection that they deserve. Just think, would you like to be caged all day with no say on what to eat, and live in hard conditions? A Change of Heart about Animals Essay In â€Å"A Change of Heart about Animals† Jeremy Rifkin says that animals have the same human qualities that humans have. And with that they deserve more if not the same amount of respect as human beings. He gives many examples on how some animals are human like emotion and skilled wise. I disagree with Rifkin. I think that most animals should not get more respect than human beings reason being that most of the animals he listed are going to be killed and be used for reasonable human use. To begin with, Rifkin gives many examples that are self contradicting to what he is trying to argue. First Rifkin says â€Å"Studies on pigs’ social behavior funded by McDonalds at Purdue University†¦ they crave affection and are easily depressed if isolated†¦ lack of mental and physical stimuli can result in deterioration of health.† Here Rifkin is saying that pigs need attention in order to stay healthy. I disagree with this because in the end the pigs are going to be killed and be used for human consumption so why would it care if they are depressed or not. Also, it contradicts itself because the people funding it are one of the major corporations killing thousands of pigs day in and out so it makes it seem like they are trying to save the pigs. Later he states â€Å"Philosophers long argued that other animals are not capable of self awareness because they lack individualism†¦ At the Washington National Zoo, orangutans given mirrors explore parts of their bodies they can’t otherwise see, showing a sense of self.† Here he is stating how animals do in fact have a sense of self awareness and that orangutans are a prime example. I disagree with this reason being that Rifkin didn’t give the name of the philosophers who said this, making it not credible because anyone could have said that. Also they are not really giving the orangutans to freely observe themselves because they have them locked up in enclosure at the Washington national zoo. All in all I think Rifkin does not give a strong enough argument. He gives examples that easily contradict him making his argument not credible enough for the reader. With this I think Rifkin is in no position to say that animals deserve more rights than human beings.

Health Promotion in the preschool age Essay Example

Health Promotion in the preschool age Essay Example Health Promotion in the preschool age Paper Health Promotion in the preschool age Paper Health Promotion for Preschoolers Many people have questioned the benefits attributed to early health promotion in preschool age. There are several benefits that are associated with early learning for children, with regards to their hygiene, as they grow into adulthood.   This paper analyzes the health issues facing preschool children, and the benefits of addressing them early in the childs life. Introduction Early health promotion has a significant effect on the health of children.   According to Hatfield (12-27), the preschool childrens health problems attributed to lack of knowledge on health matters, manifests themselves into adulthood. This means that children are more likely to have similar problems as adults, that they had as children, if they do not attempt to change their habits.   Early health promotion teaches children the importance of observing hygiene, which prevents them from catching infections.   Since children have relatively weak immune systems, infections are very likely to lead to disease, and hence the need for health promotion in their early years of age. It is very important to promote the health of children, not just when they are in their infancy, but also as they grow into adulthood.   The young children in their infancy stage, experience problems that include toilet training and diaper rush, those in school going years experience bed wetting and learning disabilities, while those in their adolescence experience issues like substance abuse and eating disorders. According to Phinney (63-74), early childhood health problems are likely to manifest themselves into adulthood, and hence the need to address them in their infancy stages. Health issues in preschool children. There are several common health problems that occur to preschool going children and some of them are as follows; The first problem that these children are likely to experience is biting. This can take several forms, among them biting their peers and other people, and biting objects such as toys.   Biting can be caused by several factors; experimental biting may be done by young children as they explore the world.   Frustration biting may be done when the children are frustrated, while powerless biting may be due for the need to feel powerful.   Biting can cause an infection to the other person as well as to the infant, if he or she bites an infected object. Parents should address this problem through making sure that the child feels protected, is not stressed, explaining that biting hurts, and trying to get the child to understand the danger of infection from biting objects and people. Another very common problem among preschool going children is thumb sucking.   In fact, according to   Grombakh (77-89), 90% of children begin this habit when they are aged about two hours old.   He further goes on to say that it is a normal habit that should not cause much worry to parents, provided that it is discontinued by the time the child reaches five years of age. If thumb sucking continues beyond five years of age, there are problems that can result from the habit.   Some of these problems include thumb calluses, protruding front teeth and sore thumbs.   There is also the danger of catching an infection, especially if the hands are not clean. The parents should try to discourage the child from thumb sucking through the use of pacifiers, which cause lesser damage to teeth, as well as due to their ability to be cleaned.   However, the parents should also make sure that the child understands the dangers associated with thumb sucking for long periods of time. The third health problem that is common to children, in their preschool going years, is stuttering.   This is a speech disorder that may take several forms, such as poor pronunciation, pausing between words, leaving out sounds or words, and repeating phrases or words.   This problem is made worse by parents who try to force their children, with this problem, to speak well. This is because the child recognizes that he or she has a problem, and in struggling to improve their speech, actually makes it worse.   According to Kimbrough and Henderson (33-51), speech problems are normal in the development of children, and occur in about 90% of them. However, they further add that true stuttering is rare and occurs in just 1% of children, and is more common in boys than girls. Developmental stuttering is usually caused by language and speech development processes, and the child usually outgrows it.   True stuttering is usually caused by brain disorders, and a child specialist will be able to diagnose and treat the disorder. Parents can however help in the development of speech through making talking fun, and not interrupting the child as he or she speaks, regardless of whether they are making mistakes.

The Critical Reader - Erica Meltzer Full Review

The Critical Reader - Erica Meltzer Full Review SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Erica Meltzer's books have come onto the scene in the past few years with great reviews. Her books are fantastic for the subjects they cover - Reading and Writing. She's published two books for the SAT - The Complete Guide to SAT Critical Reading, and The Ultimate Guide to SAT Grammar. While these are high quality books, they're not perfect, for reasons we'll explain in this article. Keep reading to figure out whether these books are appropriate for you, and whether you should integrate these as part of your personal prep program. Why trust this review? When you get advice on the internet, it's important to understand why you should believe the advice you're receiving. Because your SAT score is important, follow the wrong advice, and it might be too late to improve your score. To be transparent, here’s why you might be able to trust this review more than others: I like to think that I know what I’m talking about.I scoredtwo perfect scores on the SATand have worked personally with thousands of students prepping for the SAT. I’ve worked with students at all levels, from people at a 1200 level to people aiming for a 2300+. Other writers often don't have the expertise to differentiate between books, and they recommend books as an afterthought (and you can probably tell). I don’t get paid for these recommendations, and I don’t get paid if you buy these books.I’ve studied dozens of books for SAT prep, and I review the books that I come across. Other sites, especially about.com and reviews.com, get paid for featuring books and get a kickback when you buy a book they recommend. One disclaimer: I’m co-founder ofPrepScholar, an online SAT/ACT prep program. I believe we’ve built the best prep program available right now. Itdiagnoses your strengths and weaknessesand gives you a structured all-in-one program, combining the best aspects of the books below, so you know exactly what you need to study at every point. But I want to stress that you don’t need a program to excel at the SAT. In fact, writing this guide may lose us some customers, since you might decide that you don’t need a program at all. But if you decide that you don’t want to manage 10 books and want an integrated complete program that customizes to your learning,check PrepScholar SAT out. The Critical Reader Book Review When I consider the quality of a book, I think about a few important questions: Who's the author, and what is his or her experience with the subject matter? How effective is the book, and why? What are the book's main pros and cons? Erica's books are clearly high quality - they made my list of Best SAT Prep Books 2015. But they do have their shortcomings, which we'll discuss below. About the Author: Erica Meltzer Erica Meltzerstarted as a tutor and eventually published her SAT and ACT prep books in the past few years.Erica also graduated from Wellesley College,which is a prestigious college ranked #4 of all liberal arts colleges in the country. While she seems not to tutor much currently, her books show that she has a great deal of expertise on the SAT and ACT. How Effective is the Book? In my experience with thousands of students, SAT Reading is the most difficult section to improve. It uses logical reasoning skills that aren’t as easily mastered as math concepts or grammar rules. It’s very important to drill down on what types of questions are asked, and how to approach these questions in a systematic way. Erica's book dissects the SAT Reading section by question type and skill. She does a great job of teaching the core of what the question is asking, and how to work with the passage to arrive at the correct answer. Of all writers, Erica Meltzer aligns most closely with my personal philosophy of drilling questions skill-by-skill to recognize patterns to questions. The book is very thorough - in fact, it's too thorough for the average student. It goes into every nook and cranny, and if you're scoring below a 650, this is NOT the best book to use.If you're a student gunning for a perfect SAT score, though, this is a good book to drill comprehensively and to perfection. Furthermore, this book requires a lot of work to get through. At 350 large pages, it'll take most students 15 hours or more to get through this book. If you don't have a lot of time to prep, you won't be able to get the most out of this book. Pros and Cons of the Critical Reader Pros: Great breakdown of the Reading section on a skill-by-skill level. Helpful strategies for every type of question, from main point questions to inference questions. Lots of high-quality, realistic passages and questions. She uses passages similar to those you’ll see on the SAT and has spent a lot of time licensing high-quality passages. Has a helpful guide listing the questions on the SAT by skill, so you can get even more focused practice using the Official SAT Study Guide. Cons: Expensive for a book that covers just one section ($30-40) The writing style is dry and clinical, like an academic textbook. I personally prefer this – cut out the fluff – but it can be quite dense for the average student. The thoroughness doesn't point you in the right direction depending on your strengths and weaknesses. If you're scoring at a lower level, you need to concentrate on some skills more than others, and this book can lead you astray. Lack of creative page layouts and a lot of text on large pages can get tiresome. Overall Rating This is currently my favorite book for the SAT Reading section. If you're planning on scoring a 700 or above on the Reading section and prefer to study by books, this is a great option. It's more expensive than average and it's too thorough for many students, but it's a great choice that will teach you a lot. Overall Rating: 88/100 What's next? Read our detailed guide to theBest SAT Prep Booksto put together your own study program based on the best SAT books available now. What's a good SAT score for you?Figure it out with our step by step guide based on the colleges you're applying to. Aiming for a high score? Read ourguide to scoring a perfect SAT score, written by me, a perfect SAT scorer. Check out our industry-leading online SAT program. We've designed it to cover all the advantages of books and tutors at an affordable price. Featuring in-depth strategy lessons and thousands of practice questions, we have the content from the leading books. Beyond that, the programacts like your personal tutor. It guides you step-by-step through what you should be working on at every moment to best improve your score. Itcustomizes to your strengths and weaknesses, then gives you focused practice so you learn the patterns on the SAT. Furthermore, it motivates you to study so that you put in enough time. There's a 240 point guarantee - if you don'timprove your score by 240 points, you get all your money back.

Theatre Arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Theatre Arts - Essay Example The Tempest has been chosen as a topic of relevance in the current study on theatre arts as it the production of ‘The Tempest’ provides a valuable insight into the work of an individual across several fronts. In this case, Julie Taymor has taken on many responsibilities apart from the core role of directing the play such as designing the costumes and make up of actors, designing puppets to be used during various scenes as well as creating masks to be used by the actors. In all these various roles, Taymor has gone on to use her extensive experience of showcasing the stage using adaptations from representations across different streams and cultures and in doing so, she has brought these unknown forms of drama to the forefront. The current essay is an effort in this direction aimed at studying all these influences that have played a prominent role in the design and creation of various elements of the play. Different theatrical approaches such as the use of the ‘Bunraku’ style from Japan. Additionally, Indonesian styles of drama as well as the use of the styles adopted by the mud men of Papua New Guinea will be extensively discussed. In this world where there are several mediums for expressing feeling and emotions in so many distinct ways, a common question arises if there is any unique form of art that enables the combination of the human, physical, emotional and the spiritual forms of expression. What have some of the most prominent people in the profession been doing and drawing inspiration from as part of their exposure to different approached would be an interesting question in this context and is the prime purpose of this paper. One of the most special faculties that combine different forms of expressions to life in a real sense is the world of theater arts. Theatre or Drama is a notch higher than most other forms of expression and falls

Team Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Team Development - Essay Example This paper covers the various aspects of teamwork, importance of trust in cross-functional teams, ways in which managers can create trust among cross-functional teams, cohesiveness, and strategies to help in creating, developing, and leading effective cross-functional work teams in Google Corporation. Team Development There are a number of ways in which teamwork can be created in the Google’s HR Group. Motivation is one of the key factors that affect the morale of employees in many organizations. It is important for individuals in management positions in Google to ensure that all employees posses positive sentiments towards their job in Human Resource. Teamwork is created when leadership becomes a collective responsibility within the workplace. Google should strive to ensure that all employees in Human Resource develop a sense of accountability. Empowerment of the workers and allowing workers to plan their activities in an effective manner that suits their needs within organiz ational goals is also important in the creation of teamwork (Parker, 2003). All these gives workers the liberty to make their own decisions as long as these decisions are in line with the organizational objectives and also boosts their ability in making work related resolutions. According to Parker (2003), involving all stakeholders in creating and putting into practice organizational plans of action also ensures the creation of team work.... It is also important to ensure that each employee has a clear understanding of his/her duties. This reduces conflicts within the organization hence boosts teamwork. Instructing teamwork competencies To understand teamwork within Google Human Resource department, it is important to elucidate the ways in which Human Resource team members could have been instructed in the teamwork competencies. The tem could have been trained on analytical and investigative techniques that would enable them resolve organizational problems effectively. Other ways of instructing the team on competencies include aiding and supporting them in the comprehension, identification of resolutions, and in researching significant information and statistics that would help them deal with organizational issues. It would also be important to help the team members categorize, classify, supervise, and control various activities within the department. Instructing teamwork competencies also involves availing or creating f avorable situations within the workplace that will boost teamwork, aiding conflict resolutions, and also allowing the amendments of unsuitable strategies or organizational objectives in a bid to boost teamwork (Werner, Schuler & Jackson, 2012). Trust in cross-functional teams According to Hurn and Tomalin (2013), trust is important in cross-functional teams as it affects teamwork. Based on the fact that team members may at times convene rarely, trust boosts teamwork and reduces conflicts within the organization. The absence of trust between team members makes it hard to resolve conflicts and may lead to chauvinism. It is the duty of the managers in Google to be observant and attentive enough so that they can identify any occurrences of mistrust within the organizations. Early

Phillips & Apple (Income Statement) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Phillips & Apple (Income Statement) - Essay Example The violation will create distrust among the affected parties. When mistrust crops up, many of the financial statement users will divest their investments in the company or avoid dealing with the fraudulent company. The principle ensures that revenues are recorded in the accounting period that they are earned. To be earned, the products must be sold, to increase understanding between the financial statement preparers and the financial statement users. There are requirements before revenues are recorded for accounting purposes. First, revenue should only be recorded when the service had been rendered to the company’s current and prospective customers. Revenue should only be recorded when someone buys or takes the company’s products and services. The company cannot record a sale of $ 2,500 if no one has agreed to buy the product. Doing so would violate the revenue recognition principle. When a customer pays for the product and receives the product, then the company compli es with the revenue recognition principle when the $2,500 amount is entered into the books as a credit to revenue or sales. There must be an exchange between cash that is paid by the customer, an accounts receivable for collectible customer accounts, and the company’s giving the products to the customers. However, companies do allow installment sales. Installment sales comply with the revenue recognition principle because there is a transfer of goods from the company to the customers. When the company finished performing a service, the company can recognize service revenue because the service had been done and the customer is satisfied with the services rendered (Drury, 2007). Explaining the difference between a product and period expense There is a big difference between product expense and period expense. Product expense includes all expenses incurred to make the final product ready for sale to the company’s current and prospective customers (Drury, 2007). For exampl e, the product expenses in the making of a chair include the wood that is used to make the chair. Next, the product expenses include the nails that are used to join the pieces of cut wood together. The paint that is used to make the constructed chair more presentable to the customers’ eyes forms part of the chair’s product expenses. The salaries of the carpenters who contributed to the making the chairs form part of product costs. The indirect factory expenses form part of the product costs. The indirect costs include indirect materials and indirect labor. To make the discussion short, all expenses incurred in the factory forms part of product cost. All expenses incurred by the administration department do not form part of the product costs. All promotion advertising, customer entertainment and other marketing expenses are not included in the product expense. In a merchandising business, the product cost is the cost of making the product available to the current and pr ospective customers. The cost of purchasing the product forms part of the product costs. The cost of goods sold of the merchandising company equates to product expenses (Bierman, 2010). Period expenses are expenses that do not qualify as product expenses. The salary of company’s president is period expense. Marketing expenses are period expenses. The marketing expenses include amounts paid to entertain current and prospective customers of the company. Marketing expenses include advertising costs of placing the company’s ads in television, radio, internet, and newspaper spaces. The company lawyer’

Chemistry of Chocolate Essay Example for Free

Chemistry of Chocolate Essay Chocolate is made from the cacao bean. According to Rodney Lipson, â€Å"Cacao has been a cultivated crop for at least three thousand years, probably quite a bit more. The people who first utilized Cacao were the inhabitants of what is now Venezuela† (Lipson) This group of people would eventually spread the cacao bean in northwestern South America. Cacao was clearly highly valued by these people and they spread it northward through trade with their neighbors. It was probably the Maya, over 1500 years ago, who brought Cacao to Yucatan in what is now Mexico. The Aztecs who got Cacao from the Maya, used Cacao in a number of ways, one common way was as a bitter spice in food and possibly also as a base for pasta or bread, but the most well-known way that Cacao was as a drink. While the Maya drank Chocolate hot, the Aztecs seem to have often taken it cold. The Aztecs called the drink, and apparently the bean as well, Xocoatl. From this word comes the pan-European word Chocolate. When Europeans first made contact with the Aztec civilization, Cacao was being cultivated and used extensively. The Spanish Conquistadors quickly noticed the benefits of Chocolate and used it to keep their armies marching long distances with little food. From the Aztecs the Spanish took it to Europe. Chocolate was widely used in Catholic countries after 1569 when Pope Pius V declared that Chocolate, the drink, did not break the fast, despite the hearty nutritional aspects of Chocolate† (Lipson). Chocolate continued to be moved from country to country through trade and exploration. Soon chocolate found its way into America, and according to Lipson, â€Å"In 1900 Milton Snavely Hershey, a Mennonite from Pennsylvania, began producing milk-chocolate bars and kisses with great success. He was anti-alcohol and saw Chocolate as a good, profitable alternative. His empire grew even larger during World War I, when Milton Hershey encouraged the US Army to add four Hershey bars to each soldiers daily ration† (Lipson). Because of Hershey, chocolate was now affordable for everyone, and his methods of making chocolate are still used today. Peter’s chocolate tells us that chocolate is made by, â€Å"storing the cacao beans in silos or warehouse. These rooms are well aired, kept at cool temperature and the humidity regularly checked. Before the production stage, the beans are sorted and cleaned. Cocoa does not acquire the richness of its color and the fullness of its flavor until it is roasted. The degree of care given to this operation has considerable influence on the ultimate quality of the end product either cocoa powder or chocolate. When roasting is complete, the beans are cooled and their thin shells removed by a winnowing machine. The husked and winnowed beans are called nibs. Heres where the first secrets of the chocolate manufacturer come in. The nibs are blended, combining as many as eight to ten varieties. It is control of these subtle mixtures that maintains a constant quality and brings out the flavor of each particular variety of chocolate. The roasted and winnowed nibs then pass through refining mills and are ground. The heat generated by grinding causes the cocoa butter or fat to melt and form a fine paste or liquid known as chocolate liquor. This goes to large hydraulic presses which remove most of the cocoa butter. The cake which is left may eventually be made into cocoa powder. The cake goes through several processes in which it is crushed, milled and finely sifted. After the cocoa paste, cocoa butter, milk, sugar and additional flavorings have been carefully weighed out in accordance with the recipe, they go into a mixer where rotating, kneading arms thoroughly mix all the ingredients. The result is a homogeneous, paste-like mixture which is already pleasant to taste, but still feels gritty to the palate. The chocolate is put in a conching machine. While in the machine, the chocolate turns over in the conching machine, a controlled amount of air ventilates the mass, allowing the full aroma and flavor to develop. The still-warm conched chocolate is placed in a tempering machine so that it can be slowly and steadily cooled. The tempering prevents separation in the chocolate when its filled into bar molds and hardens† (Peter’s). This results in the average chocolate bar.

Portrayal of Women in Homers Odyssey :: Homer Odyssey womody

The Odyssey:   Portrayal of Women How does Homer portray women in the epic, The Odyssey?   In order to answer this question you must look at woman and goddesses as two separate groups of "people".   This is because they are portrayed in tow separate ways.   You see, a regular woman like Penelope is looked at as beautiful but has very few rights.     Ã‚  Ã‚   If we first look at Penelope we see how beautiful she must be, because we know that she has a lot of suitors staying at her house and they all want to marry her.   It is not until later on that we find out how low in society mortal women are.   The first time this is shown is when Telemukus has to choose one of the suitors to be his mother's husband.   Now just think that a son has more power in this society than his own mother.   From Telemukus' stand point this must be a big moment for him because he is now looked at as a man, cause he has to choose a wife for his mother, but for Penelope, she must feel degraded and low.     Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand if you look at a goddess like Athena, "the gray eyed goddess," (many pages) who is actually running the show, she has much more power than many men do.   For instance she is able to convince Zeus, ruler of all gods, that Odysseus has suffered enough and to set him free.   Eventually Odysseus is set free over the demands of Poseidon.   You can also look at Calypso and see how this near goddess, nymph, has power.   This is shown as Odysseus is leaving and she asks him if he would want to be immortal in return for him staying with her forever.   This shows that she has power, more than many women, and can grant anyone immortality.   Homer also describes her as lucky, that she is beautiful, but you can tell that inside Calypso is very lonely.   This portrayal of Calypso is also seen is the song written by Susan Vega.   In this song Calypso is seen as a sad and lonely woman who is trapped on an island forever.

Sociology Is The Study Of Individuals In Groups

In this essay three perspectives will be assessed. How society operates in the view of these perspectives. Also, scrutinizing theories on the subject ‘crime and deviance' aiming to outline how each perspective grasps the matter. Before one can observe society, one needs to take into account the ways in which it can be viewed. Perspectives that focus on social systems, are known as macro perspectives. Alternatively, the micro perspective, focuses on social action of the individual. (Taylor et al, 1995). One of The first major perspectives examining society is Functionalism. Functionalism begins with the observation that behavior in society is structured†. Harmless and Holbrook, 1 980, p. 14). They argue that Functional prerequisites such as hospitals, schools and families among many more, bind society together. In a functionalist society these integrate with one another to form a value consensus. Furthermore, it is essential they interrelate at a basic level for society to survive. (Harmless and Holbrook, 1980). Therefore, society is maintained by the value consensus and its cohesion of working parts.Mile Druthers founder of functionalism, observed societies values and norms portraying them as social order. Laws establish with the value consensus. He developed his argument by saying crime is an inevitable and normal way of social life. (Harmless and Holbrook, 1980). He added to this he states that social change begins with some sort of deviance, just enough deviance benefits society and keeps it healthy; it reinforces right and wrong in societies collective conscience. However too much on the other hand would cause a state enormousness described as anomie.For example, Morton (1968, cited in Harmless and Holbrook, 1 980) states since members of society are placed differently, such as social class, simultaneously having different collective enticements, too much imbalance; not enough prosperity and not enough opportunities, would cause an anomic state. As a consequence leading to a break down of societies values and norms. Rioting in such a case would be anomic state or the uprising of a government. Functionalism has declined as modern theories better explain society. Functional macro sociological analysis disregards small areas of society.Also, damaging criticisms arose with the ideas of human beings as products of the social system. (Taylor et al, 1995). Another macro perspective on society is Marxism. Named after Karl Marx a German sociologist. E described a theory of observing society that offered a radical alternative to functionalism and the nature of social stratification. (Harmless and Holbrook, 1980). Marx examined how society works and explained how history has unfolded paying close attention to capitalism. Marx was troubled with the effects of capitalism and was very concerned to get rid of it. Trainer, 2010). Marx suggested that society is in conflict. He observed western society was split in two. He argued that the r uling class, who had the means of production, the bourgeoisie; exploited the subject class, the proletariat. (Harmless and Holbrook, 1980). Furthermore, â€Å"Marx said history is basically about the struggle between classes for dominance† (Trainer, 2010, p. 1). The ruling class ideology in Mar's argument, only benefited the bourgeoisie; the distortion of reality, falsifying society binding members together with a false consciousness.Thus, helping to maintain the superstructure in the aid of the ruling class. When observing Mar's theory behind crime and deviance, one understands no value consensus express laws comparable to functionalism. Mar's argues that laws are passed by state government, reflecting the interests of ruling class ideology, rather an authoritarian consensus. As follows a false commitment is shared by society as a whole considering laws only benefit the ruling minority. (Harmless and Holbrook, 1980). A classic case study portraying this argument is Stuart Ha ll's ‘policing the crisis'.Hall raises the argument of ‘mugging; a new term from America that was used by the media to label an attempted robbery, murder scene in 1972 In Britain. He argued the term is now affixed to any type of crime particularly applied at black youth. From that point onwards it becomes symptomatic Of a ‘moral panic'. (Hall et al, 1978). Furthermore, Halls statistics show the term ‘mugging' appearing 60 times in newspapers the following year. (Hall et al, 1978) It can be said that the media's moral panics, run by the ideology of the ruling class, camouflaged the economic crisis that emerged during the sass's.Subsequently, the moral panics allowed the state to enforce policing methods legitimizing random stops targeting black youths. Thus, more control over the subject class. Social action theories offer a drastic alternative view on society to the above. Interpretative perspective emphasis is on individuals action, rather than the determini stic approach structured by social systems, social action focuses on small scale interaction. (Taylor et alarm 1995). The focus is on individual actions that are constructed by society through meaning and interpretations.For instance a newly wed husband and wife will understand the role a whole lot better by understanding the meaning of the term. (Harmless and Holbrook, 1980) For Max Weber, founder of social action theory believed these meanings were attached to a social actions carried out by an individual. He expanded on his theory by stating self concepts are a result of interpretations there described them as. Individuals are more likely to carry out a behavior after being perceived in a particular way. (Harmless and Holbrook, 1980).Furthermore, Interactions defines the construction of meaning through analysis. It can be said that language, gestures and appearance will govern the interpretation of the context the actions uphold. It can be said that individuals depends on symboli c symbols to define and understand meanings in society through relating, interpreting and making sense. (Taylor et al, 1995). Howard Becker, applied labeling theory in his attempt to define crime and evince to social action. His argument consisted of deviant behavior, only existing when perceived and defined as such.JP until it has been labeled by a member of society there was no deviance. The deviant is one to whom the label has successfully been applied; deviant behavior is behavior that people so label. † Becker (1 963, cited in Harmless and Holbrook, 1980, p. 346). Becker develops his argument stressing the importance of the public identification of a deviant. As stated above, self concepts can change individuals to the label applied, in this case, accepting the deviant label may in urn, cause the individual to commit more deviance. However Becker states this theory may not be inevitable. Harmless and Holbrook, 1980). A criticism with interactions approach is the labeling term for deviance is too deterministic. Having been founded primarily on ideas based on free will through social individual action; the person labeled with the term deviant, will be expected to commit further deviant activities. (Harmless and Holbrook, 1980). However, Becker does reject this barrage of criticisms and goes on to defend his theory by saying labeling theory has been misunderstood and unfairly criticized. Harmless and Holbrook, 1980).Throughout the three perspectives it can be said that there are differences describing theories of crime and deviance. For instance, The Marxist view is directed through the course of history at the ruling class ideology. The manufacturing of crimes sees the subject class targeted and deemed deviant. In recent years Neo Marxist theories have developed a better understanding. The Hegemonic society as original Marxist views first stated have changed and a middle class has now emerged. It appears that although functionalism argues that crime i s inevitable by all, it takes the same route of determinism hat Marxism does.Social systems directing the course of society. Many have debated the nature of free will and these structural perspectives will suffer heavy criticisms. Adding to this, disregarding qualitative research missing out small subject areas of society will as a result, only provide a narrow based analysis. Social action theory however, grasps the idea Of crime and deviance better than the latter two. When specifically discussing crime and deviance, qualitative research better explains individuals actions rather than attaching to a system.

Biology Lab for virtual school.. Lesson 1.04 Essay

When an object falls onto the surface, it has to push the water molecules apart. If the effect of the weight of the object is insufficient to match the attractive forces between molecules in the surface layer, the object will not enter the surface. Molecules of most detergents and soaps are long chain hydrocarbon molecules with an ionic group at one end, usually carrying a negative charge, thus making it an anion. www.sciencedaily.com/articles/s/soap_bubles.html When the drop of detergent is added to the powdered surface, the initial effect is to draw the powder back to the edges very rapidly as the detergent molecules form their own surface layer with a lower surface tension than the water. As the detergent gradually mixes with the water, the powder begins to sink, and a needle will now pass through the surface with ease under its own weight. However, the calcium and magnesium salts of many detergent molecules are soluble, so detergents still lower the surface tension of hard water Edutech.boisestate.edu/snetsonc/examples/surface-tension_tutorial.html Hypothesis: If you add soap to water, than it will decrease the effect on the surface tension. Procedure: Control: Is the tap water Independent Variable: Is the soap Dependent Variable: Is the drops of soap you fit on the penny 1. I received a beaker filled with tap water. 2. I took a pipette and filled it up with water from the beaker. 3. I began to add drops of water to a penny, which was heads up, every one second from a height of  ½ centimeter and counting how many drops I had put on it. 4. After I added the drop that caused the water to flow over, I recorded how many drops stayed on the penny, and I then dried the penny with a paper towel. 5. I repeated steps two through four, four times. 6. I took 100 ml of water and poured it into a beaker. 7. I got 3 ml of soap. 8. I added the 3 ml of soap to the beaker and stirred the solution 40-50 times with a fresh pipette. 9. I filled the pipette with the soapy water solution and began to start adding drops of the solution to the same penny, from the distance of  ½ centimeter, at a rate of one drop per second. 10. After adding the drop that caused the soapy water to flow over, I recorded how many drops stayed on the penny, and I washed the penny under running Water And dried it with a paper towel. 11. I repeated steps nine and ten, four more times. Observations: The soap is thick and the penny is rough. The tap water latest longer than the soapy water Data: Drops of Tap and Soapy Water Added to a Penny Trail 1 Trail 2 Trail 3 Trail 4 Trail 5 Average Drops of Tap Water 35 28 11 15 39 25.5 Drops of Soapy Water 20 16 11 26 15 1.3 I got my average from using Microsoft Excel Conclusion: I have accepted my hypothesis because of the results of the data from this lab. In my hypothesis I stated that the surface tension of the tap water is higher than that of soapy water. My data supports this hypothesis because the average drops of tap water the penny could hold was 25.5 while the average drops of soapy water was 17.3 drops. This shows that soapy water has a lower surface tension, thus making it not able to hold as many drops of soapy water could on the penny. I noticed in my data that in trials 3 and 4 that the penny held more drops of soapy water than tap water. This was not in accord with my hypothesis, and I think it may have been due to a weakness in the experiment. When I used the pipette to suction water and then drop it onto the penny may not have been doing it exactly the same way each time. All in all, my experiment conducted that my hypothesis was correct Application This relates back to the way soapy water and tap water act in everyday situations. The soap causes the surface tension to be less than that of water so if you poured soapy water onto a kitchen counter the solution would disperse as broadly as it could over the entire counter. Tap water on the other hand when spilled on a counter will naturally try to come together in water colonies. The molecule sin the tap water will move towards each other and stack on top of each other thus leaving some parts of the counter dry and some parts with canals of water.

And Then There Were None †Short Story

And Then There Were None – Short Story Free Online Research Papers The killer strode calmly into the room. Barely moving, he silt the throat of the man’s bodyguard, then, in an equally powerful move, whipped out a gun and poured bullet holes into the remaining guards. His gaze pierced the area. The pawns were down; all that remained was his target. â€Å"Please†¦.† The once mighty, tyranny, imposing man, reduced to a shell of himself, begged on the floor for his life. â€Å"Please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the man was begging again. The words didn’t even seem to register on the killer. His target was a cruel man whom had abducted children for slave labor. He often beat them into submission and forced them to beg him†¦beg him for mercy. Now, in a stunning role reversal, the tyrant who once was a man knelt at the feet of the killer, begging for mercy. â€Å"You don’t understand†, the killer said, his mouth barely moving. The man struggled to hear him. The words came out of his mouth. â€Å"You’re already dead.† Then the man saw the icy blue eyes of the killer, and swore he saw hell itself. He saw a flash. A gun with a silencer. Then nothing. The killer stepped over the dead body and walked out of the door. His mission was complete. He then reported to his kill to his client, as part of standard procedure. On the other side of the globe, a faceless man smiled. The killer’s name was Neo. He was the best in the business. He had never failed before. And he was unequaled in his skills and mastery of a near-invincible fighting technique known only as the Potentium. Only two people in the world had conquered it. The apprentice was him; the master was a faceless shadow. He remembered his past. Abandoned at birth, he stole for food and money. One dark night, while on his rounds, he was about to swipe a woman’s purse, then, a faceless figure leapt out of the shadows and grabbed him in one graceful move. He was about to scream, however, his nemesis merely laid a finger on his chest. He could not even utter a word. The power of the Potentium, Neo reflected. Then he was brought to a shelter. He met countless other children. Then the training began. Neo was not even aware of how many trials he had gone through. It was simple. The children were pitted against one other. The master was ruthless. He did not care if any casualties arose. He just cared for the best fighter. And†¦perhaps something more sinister. Neo rose to the semi-finals. Then the finals. Both opponents then had been battle-hardened, and had a wide array of tricks up their sleeves. Neo knew better then to underestimate his opponent. He had a distinct advantage over his opponent. While his nemesis was abducted from a rich family and longed for home, Neo had nothing to lose. That gave him the edge. After hours of intense and fierce fighting, he saw an opening and went for it. His opponent fell with a thunk to the floor, his head a bloody mess. Neo threw his cudgel to the floor and collapsed into a bloody heap. He had no time to rest, much less to catch his breath. The master dragged his body into a chamber. It was dark. â€Å"I have chosen you†, Neo remembered him saying. â€Å"For whhhat?† he remembered his pathetic former self saying. â€Å"The forbidden art of the Potentium†, he said. â€Å"The chance to become a master of all life.† To conquer others, you have to first conquer yourself, he remembered his master saying. The apprentice trained and trained. Years passed like a flash. Then he became a master. â€Å"I have taught you what I know. However, the final step to master the Potentium lies not in me, but somewhere else. We will meet again. Sooner than you know. Quicker than you think.† Neo nodded. Then he was thrown out to the streets. His mastery of Vaapad conquered all others. He easily killed, easily slaughtered dozens in seconds. He had become a killer. He soon held a reputation for being the fastest, strongest, smartest, craziest, deranged among all others in his line of work. No living man knew his true identity, and no one dared to cross his path. He accepted jobs on an unusual basis. The deadlier the better. However, so far, none of his missions had come even close to undoing him. He was the master of all form, all life. However, his master’s words nagged at him: You are powerful, but there is something you lack, something you need to do. To become truly immortal. To become truly a master of all. This is something I cannot show you. You will have to walk on the path yourself. Neo thought of his master as a master of deception, one able to mask himself thoroughly in the night and seemed to be able to read minds. He also seemed to possess unnatural powers. One day, in the training area. The Master was walking around the area. Suddenly, an apprentice decided that he detested the training and tried to slaughter the Master. He rushed at him. The shadow didn’t even turn around. In full view of everyone, the apprentice was flung like a rag doll to the ceiling and bounced right back to the floor with a sickening thud. And the Master hadn’t even moved. Since that day onwards, the followers became believers. Neo checked his inbox. There was where he accepted jobs. The messages were encrypted in a powerful and unusual form: a 64-key algorithm. Neo had to remember the 64 characters by heart. Luckily, this was no problem for him. Vaapad granted him a perfect memory. Neo typed in the 64-character pass-key and accessed his inbox. There was only one message. He opened it. It read: call – agdagbafegefhgae. Within seconds, it had disintegrated, leaving the message only in Neo’s memory. He at once knew that was a code. As the alphabets did not pass the ninth one (letter i), he knew that it was the famed alphabet-numeral code. Each alphabet told you how far in the Hindu-Arabic numeral system you had to go. Such as a=1 and b=2 and so on. He decrypted the 16 numeral telephone number and went to his (also) encrypted telephone. He was about to dial the number when something in his memory clicked. An enigma†¦no†¦a sense of familiarity. He immediately felt a sense of suspicion. As his master had told him: never ignore your instincts, no matter how small and trivial. He then pulled out the telephone book and searched. The number was oddly familiar. Then he realized he had tried to call the American Association of Pet Owners. He frowned. Was this a practical joke? He went back to the message and scanned it again. Nothing unusual†¦wait. He kicked himself. How stupid could he be to miss it out! He assumed that the dash in front of the meaningless alphabets was an indicator to read them, actually, it was a negative sign. It meant for him to decrypt the letters backwards. (eg z=1)_ He dialed on the phone’s fingerprint-free surface, this time with the correct number. So you have decrypted my message, the man on the other side of the phone responded. He was undoubtedly using a voice-changer, like many of his other clients who did not want him to recognize them or record their conversation. Neo didn’t care, as his prowess was too great to fear any attack. I want you to assassinate a man, the man said. For a sum of ten million dollars. Accepted, Neo replied. The man then sent over his intended target’s ID documents to Neo’s email. Then the phone went dead. Neo opened up his inbox. The target was a common man named John Kevler who lived in New York. He had no wealth, no record of anything at all. Almost like a man whom did not exist. Funny why some guy wants to knock him off, Neo thought. He was always up for a challenge but was afraid that it was going to be another piece-of-cake job. However, ten million was no small sum and Neo always wanted opportunities to build up his treasury. Striding to his weaponry room, Neo pressed his thumb against a scanner for the door to open. Thousands of weapons and armor flashed back at him, most of them invented by him. He strapped on a thin jacket made of what seemed to be loose fabric to the untrained eye, but it was actually a heavily sealed piece of armor, capable of stopping a machine gun’s bullets up to a distance of 5cm. It was perfect for street operations. Neo had invented this himself. Grabbing guns and grenades, Neo stepped out to the cruel world. The hunt had began. It was not hard to track down Kevler. His only listed residence was a shabby house which looked dilapidated and rotten. Looks can be deceiving, Neo thought before stepping in. He barely had time to avoid the two attackers. The two masked men launched themselves at him and tried to take him down. They were good, but no match for Vaapad. Neo used a technique known as the Spider’s Trap and caused the two men to slam into each other with stunning velocity. Then he finished them off. He searched them for some ID. They had none. Neo wondered who could have sent them. They fought like common mercenaries, not professional hitmen. It seemed that they were merely an annoyance for him, not a real threat. He was now left with no clues. For an ordinary man, that is, thought Neo. Instead he drew upon his limited psychic powers and used the mercenaries as his focus point. He only saw a building. The ReVelk building in the heart of the city. It was sealed and was the most mysterious building in the town. Few entered and few left it. The perfect place for a master of deception, Neo thought. It was only then Neo realized that ReVelk was actually an anagram of Kevler. No doubt it was where Kevler hid in. Hey, this is beginning to get good, Neo thought with a touch of humour. Then, he proceeded to the building. The door was thumb-print guarded. No uninvited guest could get in. However, at this stage, Neo knew that the opponent probably knew he was coming. So, he had to be able to get in using the simplest method. He pressed his thumb against the scanner. When the door slid open, Neo felt a sense of nostalgia evoking in him. Could this be†¦he scanned the area. He realized that it was a throne room†¦and sitting on the throne was a man. And surrounding him were two others. This place was where he trained. The man on the throne was his Master. The Master was as enigmatic as before. This time, his face was hooded and could not be seen clearly. Neo felt a surge of power in the room, something he had never felt before. The power was far greater than his. He almost dropped to his knees. â€Å"Why†¦?† Neo managed to utter. â€Å"Do you understand?† the Master asked. â€Å"Do you understand, my apprentice?† â€Å"You are Kevler. And you were the one who called me†. â€Å"Very good†, the Master replied. â€Å"But why† Neo screamed out. â€Å"Kill him†, the Master said, not to Neo, but at his two bodyguards. They leapt towards him. Neo fumed. He didn’t need this. He wanted answers! Quickly he adopted the fiercest of Vaapad and used his anger to channel the powerful flow through his body. Then he leapt at his attackers. Surprisingly, both of them met his attack with equal force. The energies clashed with astonishing power and the three of them were flung back like rag dolls. ‘How†¦.† Neo managed to utter. No one on Earth can match Vaapad! Much less some common men! His shock was not lost on the Master. â€Å"I think it is time to enlighten you†, the Master said. â€Å"Ten years ago, I was already a Master of Vaapad. I was as invincible as any man could be. However, I felt my strength begin to wane and weaken. I knew I was going to die.† â€Å"Hence I set forth around the world for suitable apprentices, gathered all seemingly worthy protà ©gà ©s, in search of one who would carry my power. I immediately singled you and five others. I knew†¦just by feeling the potential in you. The sealed bar of energy, waiting to explode like a full-fledged bomb. I set you free.† â€Å"To prove my theory right, I taught Vaapad to all the other hopefuls except for the six of you. I was right. They didn’t master Vaapad. Vaapad mastered them. By the next day, they had become spiritless shells. The same also occurred to three others like you, who were torn apart by their own fear and anger†. â€Å"Tonight, one of you will fufill the ancient prophecy, written by my own Master himself, before I killed him in his sleep,† grinned the Master. â€Å"Soon, there will be a man more than a man, and he will rise and master the forbidden arts like none have ever before, and set the world free, by annihilating all who purges it.† Neo stared in shock. â€Å"That’s right, my young apprentice. One of you will use Vaapad against the world. And thus annihilate it completely†. Neo collapsed to the ground. Everything he believed in†¦every fact he stood for†¦shattered. Vaapad was not a means to an end. It was the end itself. Could it be†¦that Vaapad was created for the sole purpose of annihilation and decimation of the human race? Deal with the immediate threat first, he heard his Master’s voice instruction him, like some distant memory from a past which did not exist. Gathering strength from Vaapad, he spring-boarded right in front of the throne and positioned his body into a style anyone would recognize as offensive. â€Å"So you have chosen†¦death,† the Master said. His two other apprentices leapt. All three of them were well-versed in Vaapad. They were all Masters, even. But Neo had the disadvantage in numbers. All were masters in fighting. All knew how to kill. All believed in Vaapad. Neo twirled about, trying to separate the two of them. It didn’t work. His enemies this time were just too good. Moreover, he was not yet a true Master of Vaapad. Neo was desperate for any opening. However his opponents gave him none. He was tiring, and quick. He needed to end this battle fast. Even in the middle of a duel, never hesitate to stop and think. The rash offensive can only win a battle for you. The analytical mind can win a war for you. His Master’s voice again; one of his first teachings to Neo. Neo had analyzed Vaapad thoroughly and eventually found a weakness: Vaapad practitioners were too aggressive in combat. They struck at anything they saw. They believed that offense was the best defense. Sweeping through his attackers, Neo pivoted on his right foot and twirled around to land right between his adversaries. The two lunged at him. Neo simply leaned 90 degrees back, allowing his opponents to strike at each other. It was enough. In his precarious position, he unsheathed his sword and severed both opponents’ legs at the same time. Their heads soon followed. Neo staggered back and pointed his sword at his Master. â€Å"Surrender†, he said, not knowing what else to say. â€Å"Not to the likes of you†, said the Master as he pulled a sword out and pointed it at Neo. â€Å"I must confess I’ve never much believed the prophecy, my young apprentice. I am a Master of Vaapad. The Master of Vaapad. Weak as I may be, but you know this, the principle for Vaapad: the mind has control over the body.† Neo lunged at the Master. Both men met. How†¦can I even defeat my Master, the Master of Vaapad? thought Neo. He launched a fierce offensive but his Master was just too powerful to overcome. You are not a Master of Vaapad†¦yet†¦he remembered his Master saying. But how can that be? I am destined to be the greatest Master ever! That much is clear. Suddenly he realized the many lies the Master had fed him while he was young. Now the revelations came back. What if†¦I am already a Master of Vaapad? What if my Master has been feeding me lie after lie†¦and I bought all of them! He suddenly recalled one of his Master’s earlier lessons about mastering Vaapad: the mental block is the greatest of them all. Remember, the mind has control over the body. Whether you will utilize your mind fully, or shrink away from the weakness of the body, all depends on you and you alone. Neo cringed. He realized that he was already a Master of Vaapad. Long ago, he was. He was the prophesized one. And that would never change. With this newfound revelation, he lunged at his former Master, stronger than ever. His former Master must have noticed his revelation, because he suddenly became weary of Neo, no longer fighting in the almost playful style which he did in moments ago. Both men clashed. Lightning struck the building at the amazing power inside. Both men locked together, in a fearsome contest of strength. Whoever wins this wins the war, Neo realized. Redoubling his efforts, he pushed harder against the wall of energy which was his former Master. His former Master was weak, but his control of his mind never allowed the body to give up, no matter how exhausted. He never succumbed. Not even to a stronger opponent. â€Å"You will never defeat me! Me, the creator of Vaapad! I created this style, I was the only Master and will be the only Master! My predecessors failed to produce the ultimate for of combat. Do you understand? I am the Creator and Master of Vaapad!† Neo did not even flinch at this new revelation. He had complete mastery of body and mind. Nothing would break his concentration. His body and mind moved as one. He decided to end this now. He shattered his former Master’s shield with his own psychic energy. His nemesis flew back and was trapped inside his own ball of psychic energy. â€Å"You don’t understand. And you will never understand,† said Neo. â€Å"No matter how good you think you are†¦there is always someone better. And that person is me.† Focusing his power on the intense psychic energy, his power caused the psychic energy surrounding his former Master to implode. And the man inside was no more. As terrifying as it was, the dark side energy inside the Master erupted in a blaze of blue power, like a terrible firestorm wreathed out of centuries of hate and anger. The whole building came down in a flash. Neo was struck by rock after rock of the fallen building. As he lay dying, Neo realized something. The prophecy was true, but the mentioned beings in it never had to do what it mentioned. His former master never realized that. He believed all things had been foretold even before it happened. He never realized that the future was constantly in motion. I am the positive master of Vaapad, Neo realized, and his former Master was the negative Master of Vaapad. When they clashed, they became nothing. Neutral. Non-existing. Neither could live while the other alive. Both were anomalies. Both were meant to die. All things become clear at death, Neo thought with a smile before letting go of his life and fulfilling his destiny. And then there were none. 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